Racial Bullying Essay - 1472 Words

The word bullying is heard almost everywhere, but what does the word really mean? The definition of bullying according to Dan Olweus, the creator of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, is aggressive behavior that involves unwanted negative actions, involves a pattern of behavior repeated over time, and involves an imbalance of power or strength (Olweus). Bullying doesn’t affect just the victim, but it also affects the bystanders around the incident and even the person doing the bullying. There are several different forms of bullying, but one that stands out from all others is racial bullying. Racial bullying is offensive action against people because of the color of ones skin, cultural or religious background or ethnic origin. Racial†¦show more content†¦The supporters are students who openly support the bullying through laughter or causing attention to the situation, but they don’t join in. Passive supporters are the student who like the bullying but donâ €™t show signs of support. Disengaged onlookers are the student that don’t get involved but also don’t stand up to the bully; they mainly think that since it’s not happening to them than it’s not their problem. The possible defender is the student that don’t like the bullying and think that they should help the student being bullied, but in the end they do nothing because they’re afraid. The defenders are the student who hate the bullying taken place and try to help the student who is being bullied. Last but not least there is the student who is being bullied and don’t feel safe at school. According the article â€Å"Racist Bullying in School† by Nadra Kareem Nittle, â€Å"bullies pick on those they envy as well as those who don’t fit in (Nittle). Because students of color in predominantly white schools stand out in the crowd, they make convenient targets for bullies. It requires little imagination for a bully to insult a classmate because of race. A racist bully may leave racially tinged graffiti on school grounds or verbally single out a minority student’s skin color, hair texture, eye shape and other distinguishing features.† Racial bullying does not just affect one race, it affects many. A majority of races don’t just choose to bullyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian 1576 Words   |  7 PagesMay 2017 The Advancement of Bullying Within Society Bullying refers to the intentional tormenting in physical, verbal, or psychological ways. Sherman Alexie s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian raises awareness about this common social issue, bullying, through his story about a boy growing up on an impoverished Native American reservation. The novel shows how bullying can leave deep emotional scars that last a lifetime. It s important to take bullying seriously and not just brushRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Academic Achievement1468 Words   |  6 Pagesresearchers’ hypotheses were, that the victims of bullying in 10th grade will have lower achievement in 12th grade regardless of their race/ethnic background and that high-achieving black and Latino students, as indicated by 9th-grade GPA, will be more vulnerable to bullying. In contrast they expect that low-achieving Asian students, as indicated by 9th grade GPA, will be especially susceptible to bullying. Their main focus was to examine how bullying affects academic achievement. After conducting theirRead MoreCyber Bullying Essay884 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying has increased over the past few years. Every bully has their own motive and reason behind their actions. Bullying could either be a short term or long term event. There are different ways a person can be bullied. Through social media, texting/phone, in person, blackmail, in and out of the classroom. The victim can be hurt physically, emotionally, and mentally. The pain someone faces from being bullied often stays with them their whole life. Closing the Racial Discipline Gap in ClassroomsRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying941 Words   |  4 PagesThere are different ways to describe bullying. Stopbullying.gov states the definition of bullying is â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.† Webster’s dictionary portrays the definition of bullying is to frighten, hurt, or threaten (a smaller or weaker person): to act like a bully toward (someone), or to cause (someone) to do something b y making threats or insults or by using force. Violenceproventionworks.org mentions A personRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racial Discrimination801 Words   |  4 Pagesheated topics in the news and these things need to be fixed as everybody deserves a friend; everybody deserves someone to sit next and hang out with. A lot of people suffer from not being included, but a heated topic right now is racial inclusion. A big example of racial exclusion is Caucasian people being paid more the other minorities. Many studies, including a study by CNN MONEY, show’s that blacks are being paid 6.73 dollars less than whites. Another major example in the news is Asian discriminationRead MoreWhy Book Should Not Be Suppressed1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmaturity of the reader. The Absolute True Diary of a Part-Time Indian covers three of the heated issues of this era which are racism, bullying, and alcoholism. Through the medium of this book, Sherman Alexi was trying to acknowledge the society from a young age and to encourage the upbringing of knowledge in young adolescents and set their minds not to follow bullying, racism and alcoholism, hence books made it easier to achieve this. So, my claim is that books should not be banned. Research showsRead MorePower In The Kite Runner Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesfictional novel, The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, the overall concept of abuse of power and bullying is portrayed. The protagonist, in particular, is constantly dragged into the many conflicts relating to the theme in many situations throughout the novel. The situations associate Amir and Hassan, the antagonist, Assef, and the Hazaras. Firstly, one of the situations in which abuse of power and bullying is portrayed is when Amir overpowers Hassan. Hassan is Amir’s servant, so Amir has more powerRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesBullying, or being bullied, was once thought of as a normal process of growing up that had little to no impact in life. Now, it has become lethal enough to even go as far to convince one to end their life or commit a felony. The action of bullying a person has increased not just physically but also through the cyberspace world. As the world’s internet continues to expand with more social media and entertainment pages like Facebook, WorldStarHipHop, video blogging website, music video promotersRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1640 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation available to parents, teachers, lawyers and professionals on how to handle bullying, ways to prevent it as well as explaining what bullying is. My stance is that there should be more steps taken to prevent bullying. On this website, a person is able to see what all the types of harassment are. Harassment ranges from sexual, racial, disability to gender. In elementary school, I too went through bullying because of my disability. I know that it can be hard for a student to get through theRead MoreCyberbullying Is A Common Than Traditional Bullying Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Bullying? â€Å"Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance† (Stopbullying.gov). Bullying can include making threats to someone to scare them, spreading false rumors about someone, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose. The bullies, the ones who are bullied, and the bystanders are all victims, specifically teenagers. Females are more vulnerable to bullies because they are

A Report On The Project Management - 1457 Words

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY After reviewing the project details published by the library on your website, our board instantly agreed on bidding for this project. This project could be a game changer. Our company was established in 1975, when our founding members sighted the potential growth in information technology. Since our inception, we have established numerous global partners and currently function with 500 employees. Operating from two locations in the US (New York; Los Angeles), we have successfully undertaken and completed 2500 IT projects since our establishment. With immense experience in project management, we undoubtedly have one of the best workforce to handle critical projects. Following the details of the venture released, we have recognized the following based on an initial research done by the company- Objective: – To provide high end library services to citizens in Brooklyn and NY. Target Market: – While orthodox ways of using a library (Reading a book at the library) will be available, introducing new technology to develop a scalable library service would attract the young population and users living at distant locations. Figure 1 Solution: – Planning and structuring the library to provide better accessibility to books and developing user friendly software. This can be achieved by utilizing new technologies. Competition: – The area of Brooklyn has well established libraries. Our unique services and a strong online presence would put competitors at bay. WeShow MoreRelatedProject Report on Inventory Management10923 Words   |  44 PagesA PROJECT REPORT ON INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A STUDY OF PIDILITE INDUSTRIES UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: Dr. Anil Sinha Dean ,Prof. Corporate finance Session: PGDM 09 IILM, GREATER NOIDA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We have prepared this study paper for the â€Å"Inventory Management System – A Study of Pidilite Industries†. We have derived the contents and approach of this study paper through discussions with company executives and internet as well as with the help of various Books, Magazines and Newspapers etcRead MoreA Project Report On Marketing Management2560 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"ANYTIME DONUTS† – Packaged Fresh Donuts A Project Report Prepared in Partial Fulfilment of Marketing Management I Submitted to: Professor Anirban Chakraborty Submitted by: Group 8, Section G Kriti Pathak ABM11037 Antima Meena PGP29325 Anupam Dey PGP3030363 Renu R Nair PGP30388 Rishikalpa Acharya PGP30389 Shipra Saini PGP30395 Tulika Agarwal PGP30402 Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow August 22, 2014 2100 hrs Table of Contents Sl.No. Particulars Page No. Executive Summary 3 1 IntroductionRead MoreProject Report On Waste Management818 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialties in environment and natural resources management. My thesis was on waste management especially medical waste management. That is where I became more interested to study environment and health, patients go into the hospital with less illness and come back with bigger health issues. scavengers mostly children are exposed to contaminated syringes and cloths and are of high risk of been infected by HIV and Hepatitis B. This is due to improper waste management in these hospitals. I thought to myselfRead MoreProject Management Case Report1168 Words   |  5 PagesAfter working as a project engineer for 14 years at Scientific Engineering Corporation (SEC) with great success, Gary Allison accepted a position as Project Manager on the Orion Shield Project. This was one decision that would change Gary’s career at SEC dramatically, as from being the best engineer in the plant ten months ago, w e would be fired from the company. Let’s take a close look at the identify and discuss the technical, ethical, legal, contractual and other project management issues that GaryRead MoreProject Report On Library Management System1764 Words   |  8 PagesABSTRACT This is a project report on â€Å"Library Management System†. During the making/developing of this project we explored new ideas and functionality behind the working of and DBMS technique. We have learnt a lot during this project and liked the improvement in our testing skills and deep concept related to these kinds of projects. Our project is â€Å"Library Management System†. Library Management System is a light-weight and easy-to-use library information management software product for WindowsRead MoreProject Report On Inventory Control And Management Essay6715 Words   |  27 PagesPROJECT REPORT INVENTORY CONTROL MANAGEMENT at AMTEK AUTO LIMITED Name: Shubham Chugh Roll No.: 1321001517 INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY CENTRE FOR DISTANCE LEARNING GHAZIABAD Table of Contents: Chapter 1: About the organisation 1.1 Introduction 10 1.2 Vision mission 10 1.3 Core values 10 1.4Read MoreProject Report On Payroll Management System1922 Words   |  8 Pages AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY SUMMER INTERNSHIP 2014 DRAFT PROJECT REPORT ON PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Submitted to:- Submitted by:- Mrs. Aabha Thakral Sachdev Kishan Gupta A2305211211 Read MoreProject Report On Green Water Management1941 Words   |  8 Pagesresources management mainly refers to the management of the blue water, but the green water that closely related to food security is ignored (Li Yin 2014). Green water management was first put forward by the ISRIC-World Soil Information etc., which designed to improve water production efficiency by green water management measures to achieve the purpose of eliminating the flood and drought disasters (Li Yin 2014). Green water management measures including stone line, mulching, forest management, contourRead MoreProject Report : The Quality Management On The Performance Of The Firm Essay3291 Words   |  14 PagesResearch Project Report Title Company Name Date Student number  ©Copyright 2014 all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by electronic or mechanical means or by photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright owner. Company Logo â€Æ' 1 ABSTRACT As †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Æ' 1 Contents 1 ABSTRACT 3 2 Introduction to company 5 3 MANAGER, QMS and Organisation 5 3.1 Requirement of the qualityRead MoreA Project Report on Management Information System at Acc Ltd.4281 Words   |  18 PagesA PROJECT REPORT On Management Information System At ACC Ltd. Academic Session 2007-09 INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, GHAZIABAD SUBMITTED TO Proff.ANAGHA SHUKRE IMS-Ghaziabad SUBMITTED BY Rohini Singh (123) Shraddha Chandel (144) Shubham Chawla (145) Smriti Gautam (150) TABLE OF CONTENTS |S. NO. |PARTICULARS |PAGE NO. | | |ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Structured Inequality and Incarceration Essay - 2843 Words

Structured Inequality and Incarceration Lori Young Chamberlain College of Nursing Abstract When it comes to arrest and incarceration, black men are overrepresented in comparison to Hispanics and whites. Over forty years ago the Civil Rights Act was implemented and racism still continues today due in part to a form of cultural imagery. This structured inequality is evident in the politics of government and all levels of the criminal justice system. The very system that is to be fair has been found to be racially disparate in the treatment of blacks. The causes and existence of this state has been researched for over the last twenty years as to it why does it exist, what are the consequences and how to correct it. Structured†¦show more content†¦There is a separation between federal and local government when it comes to being accountable and providing solutions to urban issues due to federalism. This practice of federalism perpetuates racism and class status by making it difficult for minorities to participate in government due to their resources or lack thereof. A racial hierarchy exists relating to blacks and the criminal justice system in the subject of drug abuse arrests and convictions. Government research according to The Sentencing Project (2011) has shown that drug use among blacks is no higher than use among whites but yet seventy-nine percent of drug defendants in 2011were black. The participants in the criminal justice system such as police, judges, lawyers and corrections officers may be part of a dominant group and use their ethnocentrism to create bias and discrimination based on cultural differences. There is the overt bias and prejudice that an urban area wit h large black and minority populations is crime ridden. This in turn is cause for over policing with arrests of blacks more often in open air drug markets. A study done by Katherine Beckett (2006) in Seattle showed the disparity between white and black drug dealers in different ethnographicShow MoreRelatedSociologists Are Angry And You Should Be Too : Reflection On Readings Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesSociologists are Angry and You Should Be Too: a Reflection on Readings Not enough people are upset about the social inequality in our modern American society, and there is far too much of it for people to simply ignore. Too many people are complaining about â€Å"reverse racism† and â€Å"affirmative action† and not looking at the realities of living in this country. The American systems of government and business are working against almost everyone that is not a wealthy, cisgender, heterosexual, white maleRead MoreDiscrimination in the United States Today Essay2048 Words   |  9 Pages so this means that structured inequality still exist in America today. To help resolve a solution for this issue in future this topic needs to be addressed immediately to further decrease the gap in racial discrimination and disparities. Discrimination in justice system is a topic of controversy in society today, but after conducting in depth research, and gathering subjective input it explains why minority males are being incarcerated more than white m ales. Incarceration in the nation as goneRead MoreThe Mass Incarceration Of The United States1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe mass incarceration in the United States, has grown hand in hand with the well-disguised scheme of racialized social control that worked similarly to Jim Crow institutions.   Howard Zinn describes social-economic structures that justified slavery, also prevented a class movement between poor whites and slaves that would threaten the power of the elite. The birth of white privilege and segregation of African Americans aided in creating Jim Crow policies and in the criminal justice and politicalRead MoreInjustice Is The Lack Of Fairness Or Justice1285 Words   |  6 Pagesand Hispanic males on average. African American males in this age group are more likely to be incarcerated than Caucasians and individual of Latino descent due to lack of affordable housing, untraditional family structures, domestic violence and inequality in the justice system (Young, Y., 2015). For many poor Americans, having a decent home and suitable living environment remains a dream. This lack of adequate housing is not only a burden for many of the poor, but it is harmful to society as a wholeRead MoreThe Legacy Of American Sociology1433 Words   |  6 PagesWilson observes, has increased during the 1980s as such the factory jobs were mostly moved out of the city [Chicago]; and so there was no jobs in the city for everyone; especially the blacks. In general, the way that the United States economy was structured and social structural variable of institutional racism were considered the main reasons why black men and women are at high risk of losing their jobs. Moreover, Wilson illustrates children who grew up in jobless families or neighborhoods were affectedRead MoreThe Sentencing Of African Americans1626 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans didn’t have rights and that the police had no rules. The search of the car found no contraband, only football equipment.† (ACUL and Rights Working Group 2009.) A report by the Department of Justice The Effect of Racial Disparities and Incarceration on Hispanics and African American Men found that blacks and Hispanics during a traffic stop were approximately one out of three times more likely to get stopped. As well as one in every six Hispanic male is expected to serve jail timeRead More Racial Disparities of the Criminal Justice System1518 Words   |  6 PagesThe existence of racial disparity and structural inequality within the criminal justice system renders the concept of true justice for all unobtainable. The statistics of convictions and prison sentences by race definitely support the concept that discrimination is a problem in the justice system as well as the insignificantly number of minority judges and lawyers. There are a multitude of circumstances that influence these statistics according to the â€Å"Central Eight† criminogenic risk factors.Read MoreCriminal Punishment And The Criminal Justice System1193 Words   |  5 Pagesapply as much influence over the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness of criminal offenders as the final senten cing decision. Judges have an extensive range of sentencing options. These options range from fines, restitution, and probation to incarceration in jail or prison. For much of the 20th century, criminal sentencing practices remained largely unchanged in the United States. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a practical revolution in criminal punishment processes. A number of differentRead MoreThe War On Drug: Reasons Behind The Criminalisation of Drugs and Functions of Crime In Society1255 Words   |  6 Pagescriminalisation of drugs in America (McNamara, 2011). However the popularisation of the criminality of drug use was when President Richard Nixon coined the term ‘War on Drugs’ in 1971 (Provine, 2011, p.45). This essay focuses on the disproportionality of incarceration rates between African and Anglo Americans, and illustrates the unequal operation of law enforcement on African-Americans (Provine, 2011). This essay applies Marxist criminology to argue tha t the drug war is a manipulation of the law and systemRead MoreDisparities in Criminal Sentencing: Research Report2044 Words   |  8 PagesDisparities in Criminal Sentencing Introduction According to the Pew Research Center, African-American males incarceration is predominantly concentrated among Black males aged between 20 and 34. A number of factors contribute to this alarming statistics. While focusing on incarceration, studies demonstrate that the population in national prisons has increased by more than 600% from 1970s (Robinson, 2009). This is a significantly large number compared to the 40% increase in the national population

The Effects Of Violence On Domestic Violence - 1380 Words

â€Å"I object to violence, because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent†, quoted by Mahatma Gandhi. Violence is defined as an unjust or unwarranted exertion of power or force to intentionally injure, damage, or destroy something or someone. Amongst the various types of violence, there is one in particular that has been causing an ongoing debate within societies across the world; this certain type of violence is known as domestic violence. Domestic violence, also known as intimate violence or family violence, is a pattern of violent behaviors that are being used by an individual in a relationship to control his or her partner.() This act of abuse can come in many different forms, such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or psychological abuse, and can affect not only the victim, but anyone that he or she may come in contact with. In today’s society, it is very common to find domestic abuse in households, but not much is being done to stop it. After researching the various causes of domestic violence, one can conclude that there are many reasons that may have triggered the abuser’s sudden need to have the upper hand. Unemployment, drug or alcohol abuse, extreme jealously, or feeling inferior to their partner’s education level or occupational status are just a few factors which may lead to one’s violent outrage. Also, in most cases an intergenerational cycle of domestic violence can be the main cause of the abuser’sShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violence On Domestic Violence995 Words   |  4 PagesIn many cases of gender violence there is a physical outburst or unwanted exertion of force. Perhaps the most salient issue which is evident through-out history as a root cause to domestic violence is poverty. Women who are unemployed and become an economic burden to their spouses, who become victims of domestic violence. The individuals in Domestic abuse situations, is battered and abuse by an intimate partner or family member. Domestic violence spreads across social class or race, it can happenRead MoreThe Effects of Domestic Violence1831 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence What effects does domestic violence have on the victim and their families? Domestic violence has a tremendous effect on people lives. It is a terrible crime and is happening each day. It is said that every 9 seconds a women is assaulted or beaten. Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury in women. This crime is very common and happens to people that you may even know. â€Å"Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive and threatening behaviors that may include physical, emotionalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects971 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Domestic violence can happen to anyone, regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender.†(Domestic Violence. U.S.) While signs of physical abuse can be seen if the victim has visible bruises, there are other forms of domestic violence that are often missed or overlooked. Victims often live in fear and sadly many times, they fear the person they love the most. It has been proven that at least three women are killed a day by their significant other due to domestic violence, in mostRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects879 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm. (Berry, 1998) Often when we think of domestic violence, we think of a man hitting women but there are many forms of abuse; emotional, sexual, physical and verbal abuse. Domestic violence acts can be committed by men or women, against children or adults. In our society, we are seeing more instances of domestic violence from professional athletes, toRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects3294 Words   |  14 PagesExecutive Summary As many people know, domestic violence is a criminal act involving victims and offenders who are related to one another. Domestic Violence includes intimidation and simple, aggravated, and sexual assault. What most people may not be aware of is that domestic violence has become a national dilemma, with a crime of this type occurring every 9 seconds. Family members try to ignore what’s happening and neighbors do not want to get involved. The victim is usually helpless to understandRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects913 Words   |  4 Pagesbehaviors then you have been in an abusive relationship or if you know someone who is in that type of relationship that person might the abuser or the victim. Domestic Violence is a violent confrontation between family members, a partner (boyfriend- girlfriend, spouses) involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm. Domestic Violence is not always physical like everyone think, it is also emotional, economically and coercion and threats. Many people think that when they are been beatingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects2364 Words   |  10 PagesWhat you imagined was domestic violence. The violent and extremely aggressive behavior displayed in your own home. The very place that should be your sanctuary, is turned into hell. According to the NCADV: Domestic violence is the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, threats, and emotionalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects1023 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence is an outline of behaviors used to create authority and control over another person through fear and pressure, frequently including the threat or use of violence. There are diverse forms of domestic violence that affect men, women and children. This mistreatment happens in various forms that include physical, emotional and mental. This abuse begins as threats, then they worsen to verbal abuse and then it ends in physical violence. You may think that the physical abuse and injuriesRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects1616 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Domestic Violence Domestic violence is a subject that is known about, but most often left behind. At times victims of domestic violence are not even aware that they indeed are victims. It is also common that when one does know about domestic violence, most often it is a woman that is the victim. That is not the case; there are other populations that are effected as well. When people are victims of such acts, they are more likely to develop some type of disorder as well as other issues. AlthoughRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Domestic Abuse1340 Words   |  6 Pagesunderestimated, domestic abuse rips families apart every single day. Domestic violence comes in mainly five different forms, physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, and economic. This violence ruins families, demoralizes the victims, and the public downplays the household terrorism that goes on every day. Generally thought of as taboo, the public belittles and humorizes domestic abuse as a way to deal with it, that avoidan ce must come to an end. The five forms of domestic violence are economic

Economic Growth in Cameroon Free Essays

Background Information Notwithstanding the secular decline in real GDP experienced during the period 1987-93, the Cameroonian economy remains one of the largest in the CFA franc zone, with a GDP of about $9 billion in 1996. Compared with other sub-sharan African countries, Cameroon has one of the most diversified production and resource bases, as it produces and exports a broad range of commodities. Cameroon is a net oil exporter; oil production, although declinging steadily since 1986, still amounted to 37 million metric tons in 1996 and represented 8% of GDP. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Growth in Cameroon or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, agriculture has remained the mainstay of the economy and employs over 70% of the labor force. The recent history of cameroon’s economic and social development is characterized by two sharply diverging periods in economic performance. Most of the period from independence in 1960 to 1986 was characterized by fiscal balance, a rising investment-GDP ratio, rising human capital stock, and expanding real GDP. In contrast, the period 1987-93 was marked by declining terms of trade, deteriorating external competitiveness, a declining investment –GDP ratio, stagnating or declining human capital stock, rising fiscal imbalances, and shrinking output. Problem statement Since independence, private investment is creating employment, improving infrastructure and improving living standards of Cameroonians. Cameroon being a developing country with low income rates, unemployment, poverty, and under exploitation of natural resources, is a clear prove that the government incapable of meeting or giving Cameroon a favorable economic growth. This incapability of the government to give Cameroon a favorable economic growth, makes the government to leave out most of its companies for private investment, such as SONEL. Moreover most of Cameroonian important companies are run and own by private investors such as PILCAM,UNALOR,BOCOM,EURO OIL, and CONGELCAM just to name a few, that has led to the economic growth of Cameroon. Romer’s (1986) model assumes that technological change is endogenous and that private investment raises the level of technology for the whole economy. In this model increases in private investment raise growth in the steady-state. This study contributes to the empirical growth literature in three ways. First, economic growth is analyzed for an individual country-Cameroon-with data covering form 1960 till date. In addition , an investigation of the growth determinants for Cameroonian economy and focus on the institutional and historical aspects of the country. Secondly, the contributions of private and government investments to the growth of the Cameroonian economy investigated. Thirdly, following the endogenous growth models by Lucas (1988), becker, Murphy and tamura(1990) and romer(1990), the role of human capital is investigated. The robustness of the effect of private investment on growth is examined by including variables related to monetary and fiscal policies, external competitiveness, the terms of trade, and the influence of the oil sector. Objectives The main objectives of this research is to investigate the role of private investment in the economic development of the Cameroonian economy. The specific objectives of the study are * Identify the problems of economic growth in Cameroon * Assess private investment as an engine to economic growth * Make necessary recommendations Hypothesis Here, we are going to see if private investment actually enhance economic growth in Cameroon, we are going to use 2 types of hypothesis which are the null and the alternative hypothesis * Ho: private investment is an engine to economic growth in Cameroon H1: private investment is not an engine to economic growth in Cameroon. Significance Of The Study. The research carried out on the role of private investment in the economic development of Cameroon has its significance in 5 areas which are; * Africa as a whole; with the slow rate of economic growth is Africa, this research will help African leader to encourage and enable private investment in their economy since as it is the main backbone to economic growth. The Cameroonian society; this project will help many Cameroonians who are naive about the growth of the Cameroonian economy, to know the main reasons for its slow rate and what they need to do to improve on the economy. * The government; this project will help the government to better strategise in encouraging foreign and domestic investors, by reducing tax rates and interest rates, which will enhance economic growth. This project will serve as a resource base to students, who wish to carry out research in this field and better still inspire them to focus on investment given the low rate of employment in Cameroon. Limitations of study This area of is in Cameroon in general and the littoral region (douala) in particular. It does not extend to other areas due to the fact that there is inadequate timing and also, most private investments will not like to reveal all of their information to the researcher, thereby making it difficult for the researcher. 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State of Nature Essay Example For Students

State of Nature Essay Robbie Dagg4/22/99State of NatureTo trigger off any philosophy on what should be the characteristics of the state wemust first imagine living in a state of nature (living with the lack of a state). Since wecannot trace back to any time that weve been without government, we must imagine whatit would be like in a state of nature. What are people like with the absence of a state? therehave been many views in answering this question, therefore there have been manydifferences in views for what the ideal state should be and serve as. A character of a state is described to best remedy for the deficiency of the Stateof Nature, as Hobbes came up with his pessimistic state of nature in which life is solitary,poor, nasty, brutish, and short. Hobbes view started off when he stated that the firstprinciple of human behavior was egoism, or self-interest, and it was this egoism, that wasthe root of all social conflict. Although Hobbes stated that all people are roughly equal,still, if someone has more, others have less. The insecurity regarding what you can keepleads to violence. where there are no restraints on peoples actions, it leads to the war ofall against all says Hobbes. So, Hobbes is basically saying, any state is better than thestate of nature, be glad that the state is there. Even if it is a corrupt state, you will benefitmore from the corrupt state than you would from the State of Nature which is completelylawless. However, this vision of society which leaves power out of the hands of the peopleand leads to criticisms from philosophers such as Locke and Rousseau, who countersHobbes with their own ideas of the state of nature. In Lockes State of Nature theState of Nature is ordered by the Laws of Nature, including your Natural Rights to Life,Liberty, and Property. If a man works a piece of land and makes it better and morevaluable or useful, it becomes his property. This possession can only be freely contractedaway to others, and government. Although Locke said that the political society is theresult of agreements made between people living in a State of Nature, he says that thestate must have permission by a person to enforce the law on him, however if you acquireany property which falls under the jurisdiction of the state, you thereby become a tacitmember of that state. Thus, by using the benefits of the state, you have consented to beinga member of the state. On a more liberal and appealing philosophy than both Locke andHobbes, Rousseau maintained that human beings were essentially good and equal in theState of Nature but were corrupted by the introduction of property, agriculture, science,and commerce. People entered into a social contract among themselves, establishinggovernments and educational systems to correct the inequalities brought about by the riseof civilization. All of the differences between Rousseaus theories when compared toLocke and Hobbes, begin with different interpretations of the state of nature. SinceHobbes had the impression that all people were egoists and were only interested in theirown good, he figured it would lead to the war of all against all, therefore anygovernment was better than the state of nature. Locke believed that most people gotalong pretty well for the most part by rational intuition, but were always a few badapples in the group that forced others to give up their natural rights in a law system inorder to be able to punish the exceptions in the society. Rousseau criticizes Hobbes andLocke by saying that they werent really looking at the real State of Nature, and that allof the negative qualities of human beings that they had mentioned to be present in theState of Nature was in fact, a quality brought on by the state of their time. TheRousseau version of the State of Nature differs greatly from Locke, but from Hobbesespecially, in that he makes no mention of the constant fear which Hobbes believed wouldcontrol mans life in the state of nature, rather he de scribes the State of Nature as pleasantand peaceful. .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba , .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba .postImageUrl , .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba , .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba:hover , .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba:visited , .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba:active { border:0!important; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba:active , .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4182afba669506d4f8c21dd26d3f05ba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Cruelty Essay He described the people in this primitive state as living free, healthy, honestand happy lives, and felt that man was timid, and would always avoid conflict, rather thanseek it out. 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